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The students develop an understanding of the plurality of Islamic ethical theories in the event and can analyse the extent to which these theories from the genuinely Islamic sources drew Qur'an and prophetic tradition and through which concepts and ideas from Greek, Persian and pre-Islamic Arab philosophies and traditions influenced them were.

In the lecture, an attempt is first made to explain the basic concepts of ethics, morality, aḫlāq and adab and to explain their similarities and differences. Then, in the light of general ethics, the three fundamental questions of Islamic ethics ('ilm al-aḫlāq) will be discussed. As a science of moral action, it deals primarily with the following areas of interest:
- The pursuit of happiness (bliss) in this world and the hereafter
- The definition and origin of good and evil as well as the subdivision of actions
  into good or bad (or bad)
- Free will as a prerequisite for all responsibility and morality

All these questions formed the basis of centuries of discussion and debate in the history of Islamic ideas, and were treated by Islamic theologians, philosophers, and mystics alike. The lecture therefore focuses on the question of the emergence and development of the'ilm al-aḫlāq and the critical examination of ethical theories of these different approaches, using three important representatives of discipline as examples: Ibn Miskawayh, al-Māwardī and al-Ġazzālī.

Lecture, discussion, presentation
 

Written examination
 

Ibn Miskawayh: Tahḏīb al-aḫlāq. Bagdad und Beirut: Manchourat al-Jamal, 2011

al-Ġazzālī, Abū-Ḥāmid: Das Kriterium des Handelns (Mīzān al-ʿamal).Darmstadt : Wiss. Buchges., 2006

al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan: Adab ad-dunyā wa 'd-dīn. Beirut: Dar al-kutub al-ilmiya, 1987

Izutsu, Toshihiko: Ethico-religious concepts in the Qur'an. Montreal:  McGill. University Press, 1966.

Fakhry, Majid: Ethical theories in Islam. Leiden: Brill, 1991.

Al-Gabiri, Mohammad Abid: al ʿaql al- aḫlāqi al-ʿarabi. Beirut: Markaz Dirassat al- wahda al-arabiya, 2001.

Pieper, Annemarie: Einführung in die Ethik. 6. Auflage. Tübingen und Basel: A. Francke Verlag 2007

Thurnherr, Urs: Angewandte Ethik - zur Einführung. Hamburg: Junius Verlag, 2000.

Eich, Thomas (Hg.): Moderne Medizin und islamische Ethik: Biowissenschaften in der muslimischen Rechtstradition. Freiburg i. B.: Herder, 2008

Leopold Neuhold und Bernhard Pelzl (Hg.): Ethik in Forschung und Technik -Annäherungen. Wien, Köln, Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2011